火成岩发育区分频速度建模技术及应用以西湖凹陷G构造为例

    Frequency-division velocity modeling technology and its application in igneous rock development area: a case study of G structure in Xihu Sag

    • 摘要: 东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷G背斜受构造反转和火山活动等影响,速度横向变化大,常规处理地震速度场频率信息有限,难以反映尺度不一的火成岩等细节信息,真实构造形态难以落实。针对存在问题,提出了一种新的适用于构造反转和火成岩发育区的地震速度场分频重构和时深转换混合层速度模型建立方法:首先通过多属性联合对火成岩进行识别和尺度分类。然后对不同尺度火成岩通过分频重构的方法建立地震速度场,对大尺度火成岩和横向速度趋势,通过高精度非线性网格层析联合叠前深度偏移获得低频信息,结合各项异性速度建模进一步提升复杂构造成像精度;对小尺度火成岩,通过叠前同时反演获得高频信息;将高频速度和低频速度重构获得既和构造趋势吻合、又能反映局部细节的地震层速度场。最后在构造模型的约束下,利用井速度对分频重构地震速度场进行校正,得到最终用于时深转换的混层速度模型。基于该方法认识到G背斜深层和浅层构造高点存在迁移,支撑一口探井上钻,钻前钻后构造认识基本一致,深度预测误差控制在10 m以内,证实了相关技术方法的可靠性。在G构造新认识的启示下,通过变速成图落实西湖凹陷其他背斜的构造形态发现:高点迁移具有普遍性,深层的早期高点更有利于早期油气汇聚和成藏,是下步的有利勘探方向。

       

      Abstract: The G structure in the Xihu Sag of the East China Sea Shelf Basin is influenced by tectonic inversion and volcanic activities, leading to significant lateral velocity variations. The frequency information of the seismic velocity field obtained by traditional processing method is limited, and it is difficult to reflect the detailed information of igneous rocks of different scales, making it challenging to predict accurate structural feature. To solve the problem, a new method for frequency-division reconstruction of the seismic velocity field and a hybrid interval velocity model for time-depth conversion, which is applicable to areas with structural inversion and the development of igneous rocks, is proposed: First, igneous rocks are identified and classified by scale through multi-attribute analysis. For large-scale igneous rocks and lateral velocity trends, low-frequency velocity components are derived via high-resolution nonlinear grid tomography combined with pre-stack depth migration, further enhanced by anisotropic velocity modeling to improve complex structural imaging. For small-scale igneous rocks, high-frequency velocity components are obtained through pre-stack simultaneous inversion. The high- and low-frequency velocities are then integrated to reconstruct a seismic interval velocity field, which is not only consistent with the structural trend, but also can reflect the local details. Finally, under structural model constraints, well-derived velocities are used to calibrate the frequency-division velocity model, yielding a hybrid interval velocity model for time-depth conversion. Based on this method, it is recognized that there is a migration of structural high in the deep and shallow layers of G anticline, which supports the drilling of an exploration well, with pre-drill and post-drill structural interpretations showing high consistency and depth prediction errors within 10 meters, validating the method's reliability. Inspired by the new understanding of structure G, it is found that the structural high migration of other anticlinal structures in Xihu Sag is universal through variable velocity mapping. It is pointed out that the early high points in the deep layer are more conducive to the early convergence and accumulation of oil and gas, which are favorable exploration direction for the next stage.

       

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